Daniel A. Martinez, Ph.D.

PRESENT POSITION AND ADDRESS

Associate Professor
Department of Health and Human Performance and the
Biomedical Engineering Program
University of Houston
N207 Engineering Bldg. 1.
Houston, Texas 77204-4006

713-743-2662 (office)
713.743.1897 (lab)
713.743.4503 (FAX)
Lab home page:
: http://shahulid.me.uh.edu/ctpl/index.html
Email: ddam@uh.edu


ACADEMIC TRAINING

Year
Current Position and/or Degree Obtained
Area of Study
University
City & State
2004-present
Associate Professor, Director, Connective Tissue Physiology Labortory and Biomedical Engineering Research Core Laboratory
- Connective Tissue Physiology - Space Physiology - Wound Healing - Exercise Physiology
University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance and the Biomedical Engineering Program
Houston, TX
2003-2004
Research Associate Professor, Director, Connective Tissue Physiology Labortory
Connective Tissue Physiology
University of Houston, Department of Biology and Biochemistry
Houston, TX
1996-2003
Research Assistant Professor Co-Director, Connective Tissue Physiology Labortory
Connective Tissue Physiology
University of Houston, Department of Biology and Biochemistry
Houston, TX
1996-2004
Research Assistant Professor Co-Director, Connective Tissue Physiology Labortory
Connective Tissue Physiology
University of Houston, Department of Biology and Biochemistry
Houston, TX
1993-1996
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Molecular and Cellular Biology of Bone Cells
University of Rochester,
School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Orthopaedics
Rochester, NY
1988-1993
Ph.D.
Kinesiology- Biodynamics
Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Madison, WI
1985-1988
M.S.
Kinesiology - Physiological Sciences
University of California
at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA
1980-1984
B.S.
Biology Major Philosophy Minor
Loyola Marymount University
Los Angeles, CA

HONORS AND AWARDS

Invited Member, Gordon Research Conference - "Collagen", Colby-Sawyer College, New London, NH, 1999.

BION 11 Project Team Group Achievement Award from The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Washington DC., 1997.

NIH National Research Service Award Individual (NRSA) Postdoctoral Fellowship 1995-1996.

Cosmos 2G Comparison Project Team Group Achievement Award from NASA Headquarters. Washington DC., 1995.

Invited Member, Gordon Research Conference - "Gravitational Effects on Living Systems", Colby-Sawyer College, New London, NH, 1994.

NIH Post-Doctoral Fellowship, University of Rochester, Department of Orthopaedics, 1993-1995.

Invited Member, Gordon Research Conference - "Gravitational Effects on Living Systems", Andover, NH, 1992.

Cosmos 2044 Project Team Group Achievement Award from The Institute of Biomedical Problems, Union of Soviet Socialists Republic Ministry of Health, Moscow, USSR., and The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)., 1991.

Cosmos 1887 Project Team Group Achievement Award from The Institute of Biomedical Problems, Union of Soviet Socialists Republic Ministry of Health, Moscow, USSR., and The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)., 1989.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Graduate Student Fellowship Recipient. UCLA and University of Wisconsin-Madison., 1987-1990.

Edith Hyde Scholarship Recipient, Department of Kinesiology, UCLA., 1986-1987

Hazel Cubberly Scholarship Recipient, Department of Kinesiology, UCLA., 1985-1986

Crimson Circle Service Honor Organization, "Man of the Year", Loyola Marymount University., 1983-1984.


INVITED ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Proceedings of the American Society of Gravitational and Space Biology (ASGSB) National Meeting, Cape Canaveral, FL, "Acute Wound Healing and Repair of Rodent MCL During Hindlimb Unweighting in Response to rhGH and IGF-1 Countermeasures.” November 5-9, 2002.

14th Annual Gene Sequencing and Analysis Conference, Boston, MA, Stratagene, Inc. Users Group Meeting. Title: “A Model to Study Wound Healing During Spaceflight Using Real Time Q-PCR: Molecular and Biochemical Adaptations in the Rodent MCL During Wound Healing and Hindlimb Unloading.” October 2, 2002.


Joint Conference of the Wound Healing Society and the European Tissue Repair Society, Baltimore, MD, Title: “A Model of Tissue Repair in Spaceflight: Ligament Wound Healing During Hindlimb Unweighting in Rodents.” May 28-June 1, 2002.

American Heart Association Research Symposium, Dallas, TX, Title: “Adaptive Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Neonatal Cardiac Fibroblasts.” May 17-19, 2002.

Department of Physical Therapy, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo – SUNY, Buffalo, NY, Title: "Wound Healing in Rodent Dense Fibrous Connective Tissues During Hindlimb Unweighting: A Model to Study Wound Healing During Spaceflight." April 26, 2002.

Proceedings of the American Society of Gravitational and Space Biology (ASGSB) National Meeting, Alexandria, VA, "Wound Healing Response of the MCL During Hindlimb Unweighting in Rodents.” November 7-11, 2001.

Baylor College of Medicine, Section of Leukocyte Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas. “Extracellular Matrix Adaptation of the Wounded Medial Collateral Ligament Following Three and Seven Weeks of Hindlimb Suspension.” April 25, 2001.

USRA Bioastronautics Investigators' Workshop Symposium, Galveston, Texas. "Musculoskeletal Collagen Metabolism and Adaptation in Rhesus Monkeys: Results from 14 Days of Spaceflight and Chronic 2G Hypergravity." January 17-19, 2001.

USRA Bioastronautics Investigators' Workshop Symposium, Galveston, Texas. "Wound Healing Response of the Medial Collateral Ligament During Hindlimb Unweighting in Young Rats." January 17-19, 2001.

Proceedings of the American Society of Gravitational and Space Biology (ASGSB) International Meeting, Montreal, Canada, Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin 14(1) p. 43. "Muscle collagen gene expression and protein adaptation following 14 days of spaceflight in Bion 11 rhesus monkeys (MACACA MULATTA. October 25-28, 2000.

XI INTERNATIONAL Conference on Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine, Moscow, Russia., Title: "Collagen Metabolism - Urinary Markers of Mineralized and Non-Mineralized Collagen Turnover in Rhesus Monkeys After Spaceflight (BION 11)"., 1998

The International BION 11 Spaceflight Symposium, Preliminary Results, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, USA, Title: "The Effects of Spaceflight on the Excretion of Collagen Cross-links", 1997.

The Orthopaedic Research Society, Atlanta, GA, Title: "Localization of Lysosomal Enzymes and Complex Carbohydrates in Osteoclastic Resorption Lacunae in an In Vitro Remodeling System.", 1996.

The Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA, Title: "Cortical Bone Responses to Acute 2G Hypergravity in Growing Rats.", 1994.

Jerry L. Pettis VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA. Title: "The Effects of Hypophysectomy and rhGH re-supplementation on rat cortical bone growth and maturation." 1993.

The International BIOCOSMOS Symposium, Moscow, Russia, Title: "Plasma Hormone Levels and Connective Tissue Resorptive Changes in Monkeys After Spaceflight (Cosmos Mission 2229).", 1993.

The American College of Sports Medicine, Dallas, TX. Title: "Acute Adaptations of the Cortical Bone Matrix to Weightlessness.", 1988.


PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
American Society of Gravitational and Space Biology
American Society of Matrix Biology
Wound Healing Society


REVIEWER FOR THE FOLLOWING JOURNALS

American Journal of Physiology
Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine
Journal of Applied Physiology
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Muscle and Nerve


PUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS (chronological order)

Salem G.J., R.F. Zernicke, A.C. Vailas and D.A. Martinez. Biomechanical and biochemical Changes in lumbar vertebrae of rapidly growing rats. Amer. J. Physiol. 256: R259-R263, 1989.

Zernicke, R.F., A.C. Vailas, G.J. Salem and D.A. Martinez. Spaceflight effects on biomechanical and biochemical changes in lumbar vertebrae of rapidly growing rats. Amer. J. Physiol. 258: R1327-R1332, 1990.

Vailas, A.C., R.F. Zernicke, R.E. Grindeland, A. Kaplansky, G.N. Durnova, K-C Li and D. A. Martinez. Spaceflight effects on rat cortical bone geometry, biomechanics, and biochemistry. FASEB J. 4: 47-54, 1990.

Orth, M.W., D.A. Martinez, M.E. Cook, and A.C. Vailas. Nonreducible cross-link formation in tibial dischondroplastic growth plate cartilage from broiler chickens fed homocysteine. Biochem. and Biophys. Res. Comm. 179: 1582-1586, 1991.

Martinez, D.A., A.C. Vailas and R.E. Grindeland. Cortical bone maturation in young hypophysectomized rats. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (Endocrinol. Metab. 23): E690-E694, 1991.

Vailas, A.C., R. Vanderby Jr., D.A. Martinez, R.B. Ashman, M.J. Ulm, R.E. Grindeland, G.N. Durnova, and A. Kaplansky. Adaptations of young adult rat cortical bone to 14 days of spaceflight. J. Appl. Physiol. 73 (2), Suppl.: 4S-9S, 1992.

Gosselin, L.E., D.A. Martinez, A.C. Vailas, and G.C. Sieck. Interstitial space and collagen alterations of the developing rat diaphragm. J. Appl. Physiol. 74: 2450-2455, 1993.

Salem, G.J., R.F. Zernicke, D.A. Martinez and A.C. Vailas. Adaptations of immature trabecular bone to moderate exercise: Geometrical, biochemical, and biomechanical correlates. Bone 14: 647-654, 1993.

Orth, M.W., D.A. Martinez, M.E. Cook, and A.C. Vailas. The presence of lysylpyridinoline in the hypertrophic cartilage of newly hatched chicks. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1157: 229-232, 1993.

Gosselin, L.E., D.A. Martinez, A.C. Vailas, and G.C. Sieck. Passive length-force properties of the senescent diaphragm: relationship to collagen characteristics. J. Appl. Physiol. 76: 2680-2685, 1994.

Hurschler, C., R. Vanderby Jr., D.A. Martinez, A.C. Vailas, and W.D. Turnipseed. Mechanical and biochemical analyses of tibial compartment fascia in chronic compartment syndrome. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 22: 272-279, 1994.

Martinez, D.A., M.J. Zuscick, M. Ishibe, R.N. Rosier, P.R. Romano, J.E. Cushing, and J. E. Puzas. Identification of functional insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptors in isolated bone cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 59(2): 246-257, 1995.

Gosselin, L.E., G.C. Sieck, R.A. Aleff, D.A. Martinez and A.C. Vailas. Changes in diaphragm muscle collagen metabolism following acute unilateral denervation. J. Appl. Physiol. 79: 1249-1254, 1995.

Martinez, D.A., M.W. Orth, K.E. Carr, R. Vanderby Jr. and A.C. Vailas. Cortical bone growth and maturational changes in the dwarf rat induced by human growth hormone. Amer. J. Physiol. 270 (Endocrinol. Metab. 33) E51-E59, 1996.

Kohles, S.S., D.A. Martinez, J.R. Bowers, A.C. Vailas and R. Vanderby Jr. Effect of a growth hormone treatment on bone orthotropic elasticity in dwarf rats. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 25(1): 77-85, 1997.

Martinez, D.A., M.W. Orth, K.E. Carr, R. Vanderby Jr., M. Vasques, R.E. Grindeland and A.C. Vailas. Cortical bone responses to acute 2G hypergravity in growing rats. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 69: (6; Suppl.) A17-A22, 1998.

Kohles, S.S. and D.A. Martinez. Elastic and physiochemical relationships within cortical bone. J. Biomedical Materials Research 49:479-488, 2000.

Martinez D.A., P.E. Buckendahl, R.E. Grindeland, M.A. Dotsenko, A.J. Bigbee, and A.C. Vailas. Evaluation of bone and collagen metabolism by assessing urinary biomarkers in non-human primates. J Gravit Physiol 7(1):S169-S170, 2000.

Kyparos, A., M.W. Orth, A.C. Vailas and D.A. Martinez. Growth and maturational changes in dense fibrous connective tissue following 14 days of rhGH supplementation in the dwarf rat. Growth Horm IGF Res 12: 367-373, 2002.

Martinez, D.A., D.J. Guhl, W.C. Stanley, and A.C. Vailas. Extracellular matrix maturation stable in the left ventricle of the normal and diabetic swine. Diabetes Res and Clin Pract 59 (1) 1-9, 2003.

Sheu, T-J., E.M. Schwarz, D.A. Martinez, R.J. O’Keefe, R.N. Rosier, M.J. Zuscik and J.E. Puzas. A phage display technique identifies a novel regulator of cell differentiation. J Biol Chem 278 (1) 438-443, 2003.

Provenzano, P.P., D.A. Martinez, R.E. Grindeland, K.W. Dwyer, J. Turner, A.C. Vailas, and R. Vanderby Jr. Hindlimb unloading alters ligament healing. J Appl Physiol 94 (1): 314-324, 2003.

Gosselin, L.E. and D.A. Martinez. Impact of short term tumor necrosis factor-a blockade on diaphragm from dystrophic (mdx) mice. Muscle Nerve 30 (2) :244-246, 2004.

Gosselin, L.E., J. Williams, M. Deering, D. Brazeau, S. Koury, D.A. Martinez. Localization and early time course of TGF-ß1 mRNA expression in dystrophic muscle. Muscle Nerve (in press), 2004.

Choy, V.E., A. Kyparos, T.C. Crenshaw, A.C. Vailas and D.A. Martinez. The biphasic response of porcine tendon to recombinant porcine somatotropin. Growth Horm IGF Res (submitted, 2004).

Hilton, M.J., L. Gutierrez, D.A. Martinez and D.Wells. EXT1 regulates chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation during endochondral bone development. Bone (submitted, 2004).

Strasnick, S.L., D.A. Martinez, P. Manickam, R.E. Grindeland and C. Wade. Hindlimb unloading alters gene expression patterns in wound healing ligaments leading to delayed healing responses in sprague-dawley rats. J Appl Physiol (submitted, 2004).

Kyparos, A., D.A. Martinez, C.S. Layne, D.L. Feeback, and M.S.F. Clarke. Dynamic foot stimulation attenuates soleus muscle atrophy induced by mechanical unloading in rats. J Appl Physiol (submitted, 2004).

Martinez, D.A., R.E. Grindeland, R. Vanderby, Jr. and A.C. Vailas. Temporal extracellular matrix adaptations in ligament during wound healing and hindlimb unloading. Am J Physiol (Regul Integr Comp Physiol) (in preparation, 2004).

D.A. Martinez, A.T. Lust, K.M. Shea, C.A. Fuller, R.E. Grindeland, and A.C. Vailas. The impact of 14 days of 2G hypergravity on mineralized and non-mineralized connective tissue metabolism in non-human primates by urinary biomarker analysis. J Gravit Physiol (in preparation, 2004).


ABSTRACTS (reverse chronological order)

A. Kyparos, C.S. Layne, D.L. Feeback,, D.A. Martinez, and M.S.F. Clarke. Foot Pressure may Preserve Neuromuscular Function of the Injured Athlete: Preliminary Results from a Rat Model. 7th IOC Olympic World Congress on Sport Sciences. Athens, Greece, October, 2003.

A. Kyparos, C.S. Layne, D.L. Feeback, D.A. Martinez, and M.S.F Clarke. Dynamic Foot Pressure Attenuates Myofiber Atrophy Induced by Mechanical Unloading. 14th Humans in Space Conference, Banff, Alberta, Canada , May, 2003.

P.P. Provenzano, D.A. Martinez, R.E. Grindeland, A.C. Vailas, R. Vanderby Jr. Insulin-like growth factor-1 improves mechanical properties in healing ligament. Transactions from the 49th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society Vol.28, New Orleans, Louisiana, 2003

L.E. Gosselin, K.M. McCormick, J. Barkley, and D.A. Martinez. Impact of short-term TNF-a blockade on collagen and TGF-b gene expression in dystrophic diaphragm. American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 2003.

D.A. Martinez, R. Vanderby, Jr., R.E. Grindeland, C. Fung, P. Le, A.K. Lee, A. Lust, P. Provenzano and A.C. Vailas, Ph.D. Time Course and Response to Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Supplementation in the Extracellular Matrix During Ligament Healing and Hindlimb Unweighting in Rats. USRA Bioastronautics Investigators' Workshop Symposium, Galveston, Texas, 2003.

D.A. Martinez, R. Vanderby Jr., R.E. Grindeland, Ph.D., A. K. Lee, H.Y. Hoang P. Le, A. Lust, N. Garcia, and A.C. Vailas. Acute Wound Healing and Repair of Rodent MCL During Hindlimb Unweighting in Response to rhGH and IGF-1 Countermeasures. Proceedings of the American Society of Gravitational and Space Biology (ASGSB) National Meeting, Cape Canaveral, FL. Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin 16(1), p.57, 2002.

U. Daftary, S.R. Blanke, A. K. Lee and D. A. Martinez. Adapative Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Neonatal Cardiac Fibroblasts. American Heart Association Research Symposium, Dallas, TX, Meeting Proceedings, Abstract #17, p. 6, May 18, 2002.

D.A. Martinez, R. Vanderby, Jr., R.E. Grindeland, K. Dave, A.K. Lee, H.Y. Hoang, P. Provensano, T.Wang, and A.C. Vailas. A Model of Tissue Repair in Spaceflight: Ligament Wound Healing During Hindlimb Unweighting in Rodents. Proceedings from the 2002 Joint Conference of the Wound Healing Society and the European Tissue Repair Society, Baltimore, MD. Wound Repair and Regeneration (The International Journal of Tissue Repair and Regeneration) 10(2) A37, 2002.

D.A. Martinez, R. Vanderby, Jr., R.E. Grindeland, K. Dave, A.K. Lee, H.-Y. Hoang, P. Provenzano, T. Wang, and A.C. Vailas. Wound Healing Response of the MCL During Hindlimb Unweighting in Rodents. Proceedings of the American Society of Gravitational and Space Biology (ASGSB) National Meeting, Alexandria, VA. Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin 15(1), p.29, 2001.

P. Provensano, D.A. Martinez, R.E. Grindeland, A.C. Vailas, and R. Vanderby Jr., The Effect of Hindlimb Unloading on the Healing Medial Collateral Ligament. 2001 Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society, Durham, NC, October 4-7, 2001
.

D.A. Martinez, R. Vanderby, Jr., P. Provenzano, T. Wang, F. Yuan, and A.C. Vailas. Wound Healing Response of the Medial Collateral Ligament During Hindlimb Unweighting in Young Rats. USRA Bioastronautics Investigators' Workshop Symposium, Galveston, Texas, pp 108-110., 2001.

A.C. Vailas, P.E. Buckendahl, R.E. Grindeland, A.J. Bigbee, MA. Dotsenko, K.M. Shea, D.E. Gallagher, J.D.Tanksley, and D.A. Martinez. Musculoskeletal Collagen Metabolism and Adaptation in Rhesus Monkeys: Results from 14 Days of Spaceflight and Chronic 2G Hypergravity. USRA Bioastronautics Investigators' Workshop Symposium, Galveston, Texas, pp 98-100., 2001.

D.A. Martinez, V.R. Edgerton, R.E. Grindeland, D.E. Gallagher, J.D. Tanksley, K.M. Shea, and A.C. Vailas. Muscle collagen gene expression and protein adaptation following 14 days of spaceflight in Bion 11 rhesus monkeys (MACACA MULATTA). Proceedings of the American Society of Gravitational and Space Biology International Meeting, Montreal, Canada Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin 14(1) p. 43., 2000.

A.C. Vailas, T. Hoban-Higgins, C.A. Fuller, R.E. Grindeland, K.M. Shea and D.A. Martinez. A non-invasive analysis of musculoskeletal collagen metabolism from urine of rhesus monkeys during 14 days of 2g hypergravityProceedings of the American Society of Gravitational and Space Biology International Meeting, Montreal, Canada, Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin 14(1) p. 56., 2000.

SS Kohles, and DA Martinez. "Elastic and Physicochemical Relationships in Cortical Bone," Abstracts of the 11th Conference of the European Society of Biomechanics, Toulouse, France, July, 1998, Journal of Biomechanics, Vol 31(Suppl 1), p. 1.

Martinez, D.A., Hicks, D.G., Stroyer, B., O'Keefe, R.J. Reynolds, P.R., Rosier, R.N., Puzas, J.E. The use of lectins to identify regulatory carbohydrates on the surface of resorption lacunae. Transactions from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA. volume 22, p. 86, 1997.

Martinez, D.A., D. Hicks, R. Rosier, R. O'Keefe, B. Stroyer, and J.E. Puzas. Localization of lysosomal enzymes and complex carbohydrates in osteoclastic resorption lacunae in an in vitro remodeling system. Transactions from the 42st Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Atlanta, GA. (volume 21, p. 107, 1996).

O'Keefe, R.J., L.A. Teot, D. Singh, R.N. Rosier, D.A. Martinez, J.E. Puzas, and D.G. Hicks. Expression of resorption stimulating cytokines by osteoclasts: evidence for autocrine or paracrine regulation. J. Bone Miner. Res. 10: (Suppl. 1) S-274, 1995.

Kohles, S.S., D.A. Martinez, J.R. Bowers, A.C. Vailas and R. Vanderby Jr. Elastic evaluation of cortical bone After growth hormone treatment of a dwarf rat model. Transactions from the 41st Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Orlando, FL. p. 282, 1995.

Zuscik, M.J., D.A. Martinez, P.R. Romano, M. Ishibe, J.E.Cushing, R.N. Rosier and J.E. Puzas. Identification of functional insulin-like growth factor II/mannose-6-phosphate receptors in isolated rat bone cells. Transactions from the 41st Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Orlando, FL. p. 479, 1995.

Martinez, D.A., A.C. Vailas, M.W. Orth, R. Vanderby Jr., B. Graf, M. Vasques and R.E. Grindeland. Cortical bone responses to acute 2g hypergravity in growing rats. 40th Annual Meeting, Transactions from the 40th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA p. 32, 1994.

Gosselin, L.E., G.C. Sieck, D.A. Martinez, and A.C. Vailas. Passive force-length relationship of senescent rat diaphragm: Relationship to collagen characteristics. FASEB J.: 7(4) A231, 1993.

Gosselin, L.E., D.A. Martinez, A.C. Vailas, and G.C. Sieck. Contractile and collagen Characteristics of acutely denervated rat hemidiaphragm muscle. Med. Sci. Sport. and Exer. 1993.

Martinez, D.A., M.W. Orth, K.E. Carr, and A.C. Vailas. Cortical bone growth and maturation in the dwarf rat model induced by recombinant human growth hormone. J. Bone Miner. Res. 8: (Suppl. 1) S-243, 1993.

Kohles, S.S., D.A. Martinez, J.R. Bowers, A.C. Vailas, and R. Vanderby Jr. The response of cortical bone in a growth disruption model to growth hormone treatments using ultrasonic velocity. In: Biomechamics Symposium, edited by N. Langrana. New York, NY: ASME, 1993.

Gosselin, L.E., D.A. Martinez, A.C. Vailas, and G.C. Sieck. Collagen maturation in developing rat diaphragm. FASEB J.: 6 (5): A2025, 1992.

Martinez, D.A., A.C. Vailas and R.E. Grindeland. The maturation of cortical bone in young hypophysectomized rats. FASEB J.: 5 (6): A1659, 1991.

Martinez, D.A., A.C. Vailas and R.E. Grindeland. Growth hormone modification of cortical bone to hindlimb suspension in hypophysectomized rats. Med. Sci. Sport. and Exer. 21: 38, 1989.

Vailas, A.C., R.F. Zernicke, B.J. Loitz, K. McCranie-Barton and D.A. Martinez. Strenuous exercise effects on the mechanical properties and geometry versus nonweightbearing mature bones. XII International Congress of Biomechanics, Congress Proceedings ISB UCLA: abstract #264, 1989.

Martinez, D.A., R.E. Grindeland and A.C. Vailas. Acute Adaptation of the cortical bone matrix to weightlessness Med. Sci. Sport. and Exer. 20: 60, 1988.

Salem, G.J., R.F. Zernicke, A.C. Vailas and D.A. Martinez. Biomechanical and biochemical changes in lumbar vertebrae of rapidly crowing rats. Med. Sci. Sport. and Exer. 20: 58, 1988.

Vailas, A.C., D.A. Martinez, S. Shaw, R.F. Zernicke and R.E. Grindeland. Biochemical, morphological and mechanical characteristics of cortical bone in young growing rats exposed to 7 days of spaceflight: Results from the SL-3 flight mission. In: Space Life Sciences Symposium: Three Decades of Life Science Research in Space, Washington, D.C, June 21-26, p. 173-174, 1987.